Flowable工作流引擎：Spring Boot集成

一、环境准备

1. 技术栈

   • JDK 11+
   • Spring Boot 2.7.x
   • Flowable 6.8.0
   • MySQL 8.0

2. 依赖配置
   在 pom.xml 中添加核心依赖：

   <dependencies>
       <!-- Spring Boot Web -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <!-- Flowable Starter -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.flowable</groupId>
           <artifactId>flowable-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
           <version>6.8.0</version>
       </dependency>
       <!-- MySQL Driver -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>mysql</groupId>
           <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
           <version>8.0.27</version>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   

二、数据库配置

在 application.yml 中配置 MySQL 连接：

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/flowable?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: ***.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  flowable:
    # 数据库表自动更新
    database-schema-update: true
    # 历史数据级别（full记录最完整）
    history-level: full
    # 关闭异步执行器（开发阶段）
    async-executor-activate: false

三、流程定义与部署

1. 设计 BPMN 流程
   使用 [Flowable Modeler] (bpmn-js) 或在线工具设计请假流程，保存为 leave-request.bpmn20.xml，结构：

   <definitions xmlns="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL">
     <process id="leaveProcess" name="请假流程">
       <startEvent id="start" />
       <userTask id="applyTask" name="提交申请" />
       <exclusiveGateway id="decision" />
       <userTask id="managerApproval" name="经理审批" />
       <endEvent id="end" />
       <sequenceFlow sourceRef="start" targetRef="applyTask" />
       <sequenceFlow sourceRef="applyTask" targetRef="decision" />
       <sequenceFlow sourceRef="decision" targetRef="managerApproval" conditionExpression="${days <= 3}" />
       <sequenceFlow sourceRef="managerApproval" targetRef="end" />
     </process>
   </definitions>
   

2. 部署流程
   将 BPMN 文件放入 src/main/resources/processes/ 目录，Spring Boot 启动时自动部署。或通过代码动态部署：

   @Autowired
   private RepositoryService repositoryService;
   
   public void deployProcess() {
       InputStream bpmnStream = new FileInputStream("path/to/leave-request.bpmn20.xml");
       repositoryService.createDeployment()
           .addInputStream("leave-request.bpmn20.xml", bpmnStream)
           .deploy();
   }
   

四、流程实例操作

1. 启动流程实例

   @Autowired
   private RuntimeService runtimeService;
   
   public String startProcess() {
       Map<String, Object> variables = new HashMap<>();
       variables.put("days", 3); // 流程变量
       ProcessInstance instance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("leaveProcess", variables);
       return instance.getId();
   }
   

2. 查询与完成任务

   @Autowired
   private TaskService taskService;
   
   public void ***pleteTask(String taskId) {
       Map<String, Object> variables = new HashMap<>();
       variables.put("approved", true);
       taskService.***plete(taskId, variables);
   }
   
   public List<Task> getTasks(String assignee) {
       return taskService.createTaskQuery()
           .taskAssignee(assignee)
           .list();
   }
   

五、动态任务分配

1. 静态分配
   在 BPMN 中直接指定执行人：

   <userTask id="managerApproval" name="经理审批" flowable:assignee="manager1" />
   

2. 动态分配
   通过表达式或 API 动态指定：

   // 在启动流程时设置变量
   variables.put("nextApprover", "user123");
   
   // 在BPMN中使用表达式
   <userTask id="task" name="动态任务" flowable:assignee="${nextApprover}" />
   

六、历史数据查询

@Autowired
private HistoryService historyService;

public List<HistoricProcessInstance> getHistoryInstances() {
    return historyService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery()
        .finished()
        .list();
}

public List<HistoricTaskInstance> getHistoryTasks(String processInstanceId) {
    return historyService.createHistoricTaskInstanceQuery()
        .processInstanceId(processInstanceId)
        .list();
}

七、扩展功能

1. 会签任务
   使用 flowable:candidateUsers 或 flowable:candidateGroups 实现多用户审批：

   <userTask id="***Approval" name="会签审批">
     <documentation>需所有成员审批通过</documentation>
     <multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics isSequential="false" flowable:collection="***List" flowable:elementVariable="***User">
       <***pletionCondition>${nrOf***pletedInstances/nrOfInstances >= 1}</***pletionCondition>
     </multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics>
   </userTask>
   

2. 邮件通知
   集成 Spring Mail，在任务分配时发送通知：

   @Autowired
   private JavaMailSender mailSender;
   
   public void sendNotification(String to, String taskId) {
       mailSender.send(new SimpleMailMessage() {{
           setTo(to);
           setSubject("新任务待处理");
           setText("您有新任务，ID: " + taskId);
       }});
   }
   

八、Docker 部署

1. 打包应用

   mvn clean package
   

2. 构建 Docker 镜像

   FROM openjdk:11-jre
   COPY target/flowable-demo.jar /app.jar
   EXPOSE 8080
   ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]
   

3. 运行容器

   docker build -t flowable-demo .
   docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name flowable-app flowable-demo